Prediction of threshold pain skin temperature from thermal properties of materials in contact.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Aerospace design engineers have long sought concrete data with respect to the thermal safety of materials in contact with human skin. A series of studies on this subject has been completed and some of the results have been reported earlier. In these studies over 2,000 observations were made of pain threshold during contact with materials at elevated temperatures. Six materials were used representing the full range of thermal properties from good conductors to good insulators. Previous reports gave methods for determining the maximum permissible temperatures for any material in safe contact with bare skin for 1-5 s solely from a knowledge of its thermal properties. This report presents the comparison of the theoretical and experimental contact temperatures at pain threshold and provides a method for deriving the skin temperature productive of threshold pain from the thermal properties of any material within the range of those studies. Ratios reflecting the heat transfer coefficient associated with the materials in contact are related to their thermal properties so that the skin temperature at pain threshold may be determined from that calculated from heat transfer theory. Tabular and graphical representation of these data permits interpolation within the range of properties so that any material of known thermal conductivity, density and specific heat may be assessed with respect to its effect on the skin temperature during contact to the end point of pain. These data, in conjunction with those already reported, constitute a system for the complete assessment of the thermal aspects of practically any material suitable for construction and manufacturing applications with respect to safe contact with human skin.
منابع مشابه
Temperature limit values for touching cold surfaces with the fingertip.
OBJECTIVES At the request of the European Commission and in the framework of the European Machinery Directive, research was performed in five different laboratories to develop specifications for surface temperature limit values for the short-term accidental touching of the fingertip with cold surfaces. METHODS Data were collected in four laboratories with a total of 20 males and 20 females pe...
متن کاملPrediction of the changes in physicochemical properties of key lime juice during IR thermal processing by artificial neural networks
Thermal processing of the key lime juice leads to the inactivation of pectin methylesterase (PME) and the degradation of ascorbic acid (AA). These changes affect directly the cloud stability and color of the juice. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was applied for designing and developing an intelligent system for prediction of the thermal processing effects on the physico...
متن کاملEffect of gonadectomy on gender differences of thermal pain sense threshold in rat
the previous studies have been suggested that to tolerance,sensitivity and pain threshold are different between men and women.these differences can be affected by various factors.in this study,the effect of gonadectomy on gender differences in thermal pain sense threshold was tested hot plate method in rats.therefore the reaction time(the delay occurred in response to thermal stimulus)at zero,1...
متن کاملEvaluation of contact heat thermal threshold testing for standardized assessment of cutaneous nociception in horses - comparison of different locations and environmental conditions
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of contact heat thermal stimulation in horses at different body sites and under different environmental conditions and different test situations. Five warm-blood horses were equipped with the thermal probe located on the skin of nostril (N), withers (W) or coronary band (C). Skin temperature and reaction temperature (thermal thresh...
متن کاملreview of the mechanical and thermal properties of high temperature Diboride ceramics
Ceramic borides, carbides and nitrides with high melting point, relatively good resistance to oxidation and corrosive environments are considered by many researchers in various high temperature industries, which is known from the family of materials as high temperature ceramic (UHTC). To be. All UHTCs have very strong bonds that give them structural stability at high temperatures, and among the...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Aviation, space, and environmental medicine
دوره 53 12 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1982